Pakistan is one of the high TB burden country among eight countries accounting for two third of estimated cases as 10 million people fell it with disease. In Pakistan, annually estimated cases reported circa 600,000 (incidence rate 263 per 100,000) with 44, 0000 deaths in 2022. The disease control strategy compromised by HIV and drug resistance. Annually 15000 multidrug resistance TB (MDR-TB and XDR-TB) reported with 4% new cases and 17% old cases who have been treated previously. In this project we have plan to identify different TB microorganism strain prevailed in Balochistan. Different MDR-TB and XDR-TB will be processed for complete genome sequencing for their epidemiology, drug resistance, strain lineage, genomic fingerprinting etc. The complete genome of selected strain will be guide us about future diagnostic and treatment strategies for patient and medical practioner and policy maker to control the disease in country.

Paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of cattle that causes major economic losses worldwide. Control strategies such as “test and cull” or vaccination have been applied, with combined approaches showing the highest success in developed countries. The long-term goal of this project is to develop a novel live attenuated vaccine using CRISPR-Cas9-based mutagenesis of multiple virulence genes involved in pathogenesis and latency. Since Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a facultative intracellular bacterium, control requires both arms of the immune response. Candidate vaccines will be evaluated using a monocyte-derived macrophage assay for attenuation. This research aims to provide insight into vaccine–immune system interactions and deliver a promising vaccine candidate with strong immunogenicity. The knowledge gained will support vaccine formulation for the prevention and control of paratuberculosis in cattle, sheep, and goats.